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RFJ
Edition · United States

The audit · United States

Every US Islamic-finance provider read against the framework — not the marketing.

Last reviewed2 June 2026Next review due2 September 2026Corrections log

New here? Start with how home finance works in the US on the edition hub — the shapes a halal mortgage takes, the housing reality, and the tax wrappers worth screening. Then read each provider below, and click through for the full per-provider read.

How we grade

The Six Pillars

Every provider on this page is read against the same six questions — the universal lens this site applies to any home-finance contract, anywhere. The labels change between markets; the test does not. And the underlying case against riba — why it is prohibited at all — is the same everywhere, and lives on /why and /structures.

  1. 1

    Real ownership

    Does the financier genuinely take ownership of the asset — even briefly — and bear a real owner's risk, rather than only ever holding a debt secured against it?

  2. 2

    Risk-sharing

    If the asset is destroyed or its value collapses, does the financier share that loss in proportion to its stake, or is the customer left bearing it alone?

  3. 3

    Rent vs interest

    In a lease/co-ownership, is the rent benchmarked to a genuine market rent for the property — or is it calibrated to an interest rate (a base-rate + margin) in disguise?

  4. 4

    Default mechanism

    On default, does the contract behave like the end of a real lease/partnership — or does it accelerate like a loan, demanding the full outstanding 'principal' plus charges?

  5. 5

    No guaranteed pre-fixed return

    Is the financier's return tied to real ownership and risk, or is it a pre-fixed, guaranteed sum that arrives regardless of what happens to the asset?

  6. 6

    Substance over form

    Strip away the Arabic labels: does the cashflow, risk, and outcome differ from a conventional loan — or is it the same economics wearing a compliant name (ḥiyal)?

At a glance

Comparison table

Every US provider read against the framework, grouped by tier — the verdict reflects the publicly-described structure, and the primary concern is the single biggest open question for that provider. Read the full per-provider entry below before relying on any verdict.

Home finance & banking
Provider
Guidance Residential
Product
Declining Balance Co-ownership (Diminishing Mushārakah)
ContestedHigh
Concern
AMJA: permissible in need; tax/insurance allocation
Provider
UIF Corporation
Product
Diminishing Mushārakah; also Murābaḥah & Ijārah
ContestedMedium
Concern
AMJA: permissible in dire need; post-default collection
Provider
Devon Bank
Product
Murābaḥah (cost-plus deferred sale); historically Ijārah
ContestedMedium
Concern
AMJA: permissible in dire need; ownership verification
Provider
American Finance House LARIBA
Product
'Declining Participation in Usufruct' (Ijārah + Mushārakah hybrid)
ContestedMedium
Concern
AMJA: impermissible; legacy book absorbed into UIF
Provider
Ijara Community Development Corp
Product
Ijārah wa Iqtinā (lease-to-own) via a purchasing trust
ContestedMedium
Concern
AMJA: impermissible; front-end interest loan
Provider
Ameen Housing Cooperative of California
Product
Member-funded Mushārakah co-ownership (cooperative)
ContestedMedium
Concern
AMJA: permissible (2015); CA-only, limited capacity
Provider
Neeyah
Product
Diminishing Mushāraka (shared-equity co-ownership) funded only from private investor capital, ending in full buyer ownership over 15 years
PermissibleHigh
Concern
AMJA-approved contract; independent board still recommended
Provider
CMG Financial — Halal Financing (via Ijara CDC)
Product
A national conventional mortgage lender distributing Ijara CDC's lease-to-own contract as a 'Halal Financing Program'
ContestedHigh
Concern
Underlying Ijara CDC contract ruled IMPERMISSIBLE by AMJA
Investing & screening
Provider
Wahed Invest
Product
Shariah-screened managed portfolios + HLAL ETF
Permissible
Concern
Verify screen thresholds + purification
Provider
Amana Mutual Funds (Saturna Capital)
Product
Shariah-managed mutual funds (equity + sukuk income)
PermissibleLow
Concern
Verify current board + purification policy
Provider
SP Funds (SPUS / SPSK / SPRE)
Product
Family of Shariah-compliant ETFs (equity, sukuk, REIT)
PermissibleHigh
Concern
Named scholars not surfaced; verify prospectus
Provider
Azzad Asset Management
Product
Screened equity + halal fixed-income funds (Azzad Ethical Fund / Azzad Wise Capital Fund), screened to AAOIFI Shariah Standard 21
PermissibleMedium
Concern
Screen + purification published; reconfirm on current prospectus
Provider
NoorVest
Product
State-registered RIA — Halal Custom Indexing + financial planning; cash-only; flat monthly fee (0% AUM); AAOIFI-certified by Amanie International; custody at Charles Schwab
ContestedMedium
Concern
State-registered (5 states); young; flat fee steep for small balances
Provider
ShariaPortfolio Inc.
Product
SEC-RIA human-advised halal equity portfolios; AAOIFI-aligned screening; 401(k)/IRA management; Express digital tier
ContestedMedium
Concern
Full Shariah board not publicly named; fees not published
Provider
Manzil Investment Advisors (US)
Product
SEC-RIA robo-advisory wrap-fee halal portfolios (via Alpaca); sub-adviser to the MNZL ETF (NASDAQ, Nov 2025); US home finance 'coming soon'
ContestedMedium
Concern
Post-acquisition continuity; no AMJA fatwa
Provider
Musaffa
Product
AAOIFI stock-screening platform (130,000+ stocks) + SEC-RIA managed halal portfolios ($500 min) + brokerage via Alpaca
ContestedMedium
Concern
RIA only since 2025; parent in active crowdfunding
Provider
Zoya (Investroo Inc.)
Product
AAOIFI stock-screening app (130,000+ stocks) — NOT an adviser or broker-dealer; brokerage access via Alpaca
ContestedHigh
Concern
A screening TOOL, not a fiduciary managed service

Home finance

Buying a home

Guidance Residential
Home finance
Contested

StructureDeclining Balance Co-ownership (Diminishing Mushārakah)

The longest-operating and largest US Islamic home provider. Its co-ownership structure carries one of the most credible Shariah boards in the West, and AMJA ruled it permissible in the face of need — while flagging an unjust distribution of taxes, insurance and maintenance. Permissibility still turns on rent calibration, who bears ownership risk, and the default mechanism in your executed contract.

High confidence

Contract-grade public documents were read directly (e.g. a full Terms & Conditions or a scholar-reviewed contract). This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Guidance Residential read
UIF Corporation
Home finance
Contested

StructureDiminishing Mushārakah; also Murābaḥah & Ijārah

A faith-based division of University Bank (an FDIC-member community bank), AAOIFI member since 2007. AMJA ruled it permissible only in dire need, flagging a post-default 'continued collection' mechanism and an unfair insurance-cost advantage. As of 1 April 2026 UIF absorbed American Finance House LARIBA. Contract-dependent — verify ownership transfer, risk-bearing and the default terms.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full UIF Corporation read
American Finance House LARIBA
Home finance
Contested

Structure'Declining Participation in Usufruct' (Ijārah + Mushārakah hybrid)

A pioneer of US faith-based home finance (1987) — but AMJA ruled the legacy LARIBA contract IMPERMISSIBLE, finding it 'does not differ from a traditional mortgage'. As of 1 April 2026 LARIBA was merged into UIF; new originations now run through UIF's structures. Treat as legacy/absorbed and verify which entity's contract you would actually sign today.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full American Finance House LARIBA read
Ijara Community Development Corp
Home finance
Contested

StructureIjārah wa Iqtinā (lease-to-own) via a purchasing trust

AMJA ruled this IMPERMISSIBLE — its model 'contains clear and explicit interest' because, on AMJA's reading, the customer first takes out a standard interest-based mortgage that is then restructured. A separate Darul Iftaa (Askimam) fatwa also concluded it is not Shariah-compliant. Approach with serious caution and read the actual chain of contracts.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Ijara Community Development Corp read
Ameen Housing Cooperative of California
Home finance
Contested

StructureMember-funded Mushārakah co-ownership (cooperative)

Notable as the only US provider in this set to receive an unconditional (not need-limited) AMJA pass: after Ameen eliminated late fees and corrected maintenance allocation, AMJA ruled (Jan 2015 update) that its contracts 'are now consistent with the laws of the Shareeah'. As a member-funded California co-op, capacity and availability are limited. Verify member obligations and current terms.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Ameen Housing Cooperative of California read
Neeyah
Home finance
Likely Permissible

StructureDiminishing Mushāraka (shared-equity co-ownership) funded only from private investor capital, ending in full buyer ownership over 15 years

The standout new US finding: AMJA's Resident Fatwa Committee (Fatwa ID 87782, 22 January 2026) reviewed Neeyah's ACTUAL contract and found it 'acceptable under Islamic law' — the only provider in this audit with a specific, recent AMJA approval of its executed home-finance structure. The green is conditional: AMJA also recommended Neeyah appoint a formal named independent Shariah Supervisory Board, which has not been publicly confirmed, and no NMLS number is publicly verifiable.

High confidence

Contract-grade public documents were read directly (e.g. a full Terms & Conditions or a scholar-reviewed contract). This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Neeyah read
CMG Financial — Halal Financing (via Ijara CDC)
Home finance
Contested

StructureA national conventional mortgage lender distributing Ijara CDC's lease-to-own contract as a 'Halal Financing Program'

A material consumer alert rather than an endorsement. CMG Financial (NMLS #1820, licensed in all 50 states) is a large conventional mortgage lender that markets a 'Halal Financing Program' delivered ENTIRELY through Ijara CDC's contract structure. Because AMJA's 2014 resolution ruled the Ijara CDC structure 'not allowed' (a conventional interest-based mortgage sits at the front of the chain), that impermissibility ruling applies equally to CMG's halal product — yet CMG's national scale means many buyers may encounter it as a mainstream 'halal' option. Treat with serious caution.

High confidence

Contract-grade public documents were read directly (e.g. a full Terms & Conditions or a scholar-reviewed contract). This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full CMG Financial — Halal Financing (via Ijara CDC) read

Investing

Screened equity & funds

Wahed Invest
Investing
Likely Permissible

StructureShariah-screened managed portfolios + HLAL ETF

An investment, not a mortgage — an SEC-registered robo-adviser with an external Shariah committee (Shariah Review Bureau) following AAOIFI guidelines. Screened-equity products clear the structural lens more cleanly than home finance. Still verify the screening thresholds and dividend-purification policy.

Read the contract →
Read the full Wahed Invest read
Amana Mutual Funds (Saturna Capital)
Investing
Likely Permissible

StructureShariah-managed mutual funds (equity + sukuk income)

Among the oldest screened US funds — the Amana Income Fund dates to 1986. Structurally investment products run by an SEC-registered adviser and reviewed by independent scholars. Review the financial-ratio screens and how purification is handled for shareholders.

Low confidence

Only marketing or secondary sources were available; key facts remain unverified. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Amana Mutual Funds (Saturna Capital) read
SP Funds (SPUS / SPSK / SPRE)
Investing
Likely Permissible

StructureFamily of Shariah-compliant ETFs (equity, sukuk, REIT)

A family of US-listed Shariah ETFs managed per AAOIFI rules by ShariaPortfolio, with a published purification calculator. Structurally investment products that clear the lens more cleanly than home finance. Verify each fund's named Shariah committee, expense ratio, and how the industry-exclusion overlay shifts risk versus the parent index.

High confidence

Contract-grade public documents were read directly (e.g. a full Terms & Conditions or a scholar-reviewed contract). This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full SP Funds (SPUS / SPSK / SPRE) read
Azzad Asset Management
Investing
Likely Permissible

StructureScreened equity + halal fixed-income funds (Azzad Ethical Fund / Azzad Wise Capital Fund), screened to AAOIFI Shariah Standard 21

Audit V2 (methodology-grounded, from Azzad's own published Ethical and Shariah Investment Guidelines). One of the longest-running US halal managers — an SEC-registered adviser, not a debt provider, so the structural lens that troubles home finance does not apply: a shareholder owns a slice of the underlying businesses rather than holding a debt claim, and the analysis turns on the rigour of the screen. Azzad's is public, explicitly built on AAOIFI Shariah Standard 21, and overseen by a named scholarly board. Green on the structural lens; verify the live thresholds and purification figures on the current prospectus before relying on them.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the full Azzad Asset Management read
NoorVest
Investing
Contested

StructureState-registered RIA — Halal Custom Indexing + financial planning; cash-only; flat monthly fee (0% AUM); AAOIFI-certified by Amanie International; custody at Charles Schwab

A state-registered RIA (CRD#325403, McLean VA) offering halal custom indexing and full financial planning at flat monthly fees with zero AUM%. It carries arguably the strongest named Shariah governance of any newer US investing provider: AAOIFI certification via Amanie International with four named scholars including Dr. Mohamed Ali Elgari and Dr. Mohd Daud Bakar — both sitting AAOIFI Shariah Board members — renewed February 2026. Yellow because it is state-registered only (VA/MD/NC/NY/CA), founded c.2023 with limited track record, and the flat fee is steep on small portfolios.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full NoorVest read
ShariaPortfolio Inc.
Investing
Contested

StructureSEC-RIA human-advised halal equity portfolios; AAOIFI-aligned screening; 401(k)/IRA management; Express digital tier

One of the oldest SEC-registered halal wealth managers in the US (CRD#173937, Lake Mary FL, founded 2003), operating under fiduciary duty across 26 states with AAOIFI-aligned screening. Yellow because the public record does not name the full Shariah board, no external AAOIFI/AMJA certificate is posted, and the fee schedule is not public.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full ShariaPortfolio Inc. read
Manzil Investment Advisors (US)
Investing
Contested

StructureSEC-RIA robo-advisory wrap-fee halal portfolios (via Alpaca); sub-adviser to the MNZL ETF (NASDAQ, Nov 2025); US home finance 'coming soon'

An SEC-registered RIA (CRD#308500, registered 2020 as Aghaz, acquired by Manzil Canada / Murabaha Inc. in Nov 2024 and rebranded). Named, credentialled Shariah board (Dr. Shaher Abbas, Mufti Faraz Adam, Dr. Mohamed Anouar Gadhoum) with AAOIFI compliance stated in its SEC-filed wrap-fee brochure; it also sub-advises the MNZL ETF on NASDAQ. Yellow due to the recent acquisition transition, no AMJA fatwa, and US home finance not yet live.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Manzil Investment Advisors (US) read
Musaffa
Investing
Contested

StructureAAOIFI stock-screening platform (130,000+ stocks) + SEC-RIA managed halal portfolios ($500 min) + brokerage via Alpaca

A widely-used halal screening platform (600,000+ users) that added SEC-RIA managed portfolios in 2025 (CRD#338525). Named scholars include Dr. Aznan Hasan (a sitting AAOIFI Shariah Board member) and Mufti Faraz Adam (Amanah Advisors), with SIPC-protected custody at Alpaca and the lowest entry point of any surveyed manager ($500 / $5-a-month). Yellow due to the recency of RIA registration and the absence of a public formal fatwa.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Musaffa read
Zoya (Investroo Inc.)
Investing
Contested

StructureAAOIFI stock-screening app (130,000+ stocks) — NOT an adviser or broker-dealer; brokerage access via Alpaca

The leading US halal stock-screening app ($1B+ connected assets), founded 2016 by Investroo Inc., with named AAOIFI-credentialled advisers Joe Bradford (AAOIFI CSAA; former VP/Senior Shariah Consultant at Al Rajhi Bank) and Umer Khan. Categorically it is a TOOL — explicitly not an investment adviser, broker-dealer or FINRA member — so it carries no fiduciary duty and the user bears full execution responsibility. Strong screening transparency, but it informs rather than manages.

High confidence

Contract-grade public documents were read directly (e.g. a full Terms & Conditions or a scholar-reviewed contract). This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Zoya (Investroo Inc.) read

Other providers

Banking & beyond

Devon Bank
Banking
Contested

StructureMurābaḥah (cost-plus deferred sale); historically Ijārah

A chartered, FDIC-member community bank (Chicago) — among the few halal home-finance providers that is itself a regulated, deposit-insured bank. AMJA ruled it permissible only in dire need, citing ownership-verification, inequitable insurance treatment, account-freeze rights, and default provisions affecting heirs. Contested pending review of the executed contract.

Medium confidence

Provider white papers, FAQs or fatāwā were read, but the executed contract itself is not public. This rates our certainty, not the provider’s compliance.

Read the contract →
Read the full Devon Bank read
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